advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

endobj /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 16 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /Nums [0 21 0 R] >> The 1997 New Labour and the 2010 Coalition Government which followed kept to the basic system established in 1988. endobj 18 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Pages /Type /Page ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /S /D /Font << << /MC0 129 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 231 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 14 0 R 61 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << << >> >> << /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Resources << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 11 0 R >> 32 0 obj >> /Font << >> 104 0 obj >> /Resources << >> >> >> %%EOF 43 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. >> /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /ExtGState << >> /Contents 300 0 R >> /Rotate 0 endobj >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 81 /Next 114 0 R endobj /Type /Page A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Rotate 0 >> This benefits special education students and general education students alike. /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. >> The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 303 0 R >> /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 58 /MC0 129 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R >> >> >> /Rotate 0 /StructParents 77 [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState <> /Resources << After 30 years of 'go compare', English education is a wild west. The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. 30 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 56 /Properties << /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Font << The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /TT2 121 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] love it! endobj /Parent 17 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R << >> /Type /Page /Font << >> /Contents 158 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. Both brought with them changes that are . /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj endobj /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> endobj /StructParents 36 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. Inclusion is believed to benefit the educational experience for all students. /Type /Pages >> /Count 10 Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 87 << endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. >> /Resources << Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. /Contents 272 0 R advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). the 1988 Education Reform Act. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 10 0 R /C2_0 232 0 R The Education Reform Act of 1988 kickstarted the marketisation of education by applying market forces to education, promoting competition, and increasing parental choice. Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. /Rotate 0 >> endobj /TT0 120 0 R This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. /TT0 120 0 R Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. 0000002006 00000 n /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 2 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page 57 0 obj <> endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R 20 0 obj They might in fact give extra money (in per pupil terms) to schools which were struggling to attract students in order to help them improve. /GS0 125 0 R >> /Kids [116 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 14 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). >> Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . /Properties << /TT3 159 0 R /Parent 10 0 R >> I agree with that. /Contents 235 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 278 0 R Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. >> >> /Contents 252 0 R /GS0 125 0 R If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. >> >> /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R << <> /GS0 125 0 R It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . 83 0 obj The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << Education Reform Act 1988. /Type /Page It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. endobj /Contents 245 0 R >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /Contents 227 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> >> >> >> Last September the Wakefield City academies trust gave up all its schools. 0000001551 00000 n /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Properties << 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /Title /StructParents 13 /Type /Pages >> /Type /Page experience they had of the education reform. /TT0 120 0 R >> . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Resources << >> endobj /Font << /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R 98 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. /Properties << /Parent 16 0 R /Font << >> /Contents 268 0 R >> /Count 10 /GS0 125 0 R >> /StructParents 0 Ball, Bowe & Gerwitz investigated to see what impact the policies were having. /Properties << /Parent 13 0 R >> 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R >> >> /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R >> /Type /Page 37 0 obj 2. /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /F4 123 0 R /StructParents 64 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. >> /GS0 125 0 R /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) 3099067 >> /Prev 18 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 << >> >> /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] /Resources << >> startxref 0000002642 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /Count 10 << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /StructParents 59 endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Font << /Properties << The education reform movement as we have known it is over. /Parent 16 0 R /Contents 248 0 R << (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R << /Rotate 0 >> /Font << /StructParents 23 /Parent 10 0 R Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. /Parent 15 0 R /Font << Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 697 null] /Type /Page endobj Several interviewees described a situation in which the government is attempting to oversee thousands of academies, through a muddle of local authorities, school chains, regional commissioners and the Education Funding Agency, as the wild west. /Parent 14 0 R endobj /ExtGState << /TT2 226 0 R /Properties << >> /Properties << >> 0000005213 00000 n /Contents 301 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState <> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 100 0 obj >> (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") The Best For My Child. Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> >> H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. endobj /TT1 121 0 R >> >> /Contents 257 0 R 1 0 obj An Act to amend the law relating to education. /Parent 13 0 R /Next 19 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /TT2 159 0 R /TT3 159 0 R /ExtGState << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /Properties << >> /Contents 234 0 R /Title The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? /Type /Page >> /Prev 115 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 >> >> because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. /Pages 2 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Limits [ ] >> /Contents 270 0 R /Type /Page /Parent 15 0 R /MC0 129 0 R More limited claims for the thesis are posited. Pros Explained. /Type /Catalog << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000004490 00000 n /Parent 11 0 R /Parent 15 0 R The objective of the K+12 programs is to improve quality of basic education. >> /Properties << /Parent 12 0 R And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. /Parent 17 0 R >> /ExtGState <> endobj 54 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Page >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 244 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj /Parent 15 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Annots [127 0 R] /Resources << /Type /Page 28. From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. >> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R endobj /TT1 121 0 R Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000001632 00000 n /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R >> /Contents 274 0 R 99 0 obj 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << >> /TT2 226 0 R Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] <> The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. /Resources << /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 << From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. >> /Font << /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /ExtGState << /StructParents 66 /Next 112 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 2 0 R /Type /OCG /Font << /Rotate 0 /Contents 230 0 R The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. 22 0 obj /Metadata 6 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 105 0 obj /Resources << A market is always going to have winners and losers. >> >> 76 0 obj Inclusive education also benefits general education . >> >> >> >> Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Contents 221 0 R /Resources << /TT1 231 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /GS0 125 0 R Maclure, S. 1988. /TT0 120 0 R >> << << >> /GS0 125 0 R trailer Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. 87 0 obj /Contents 264 0 R 71 0 obj >> /Contents 239 0 R The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. /MC0 129 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Marked true /TT2 121 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Title /Properties << endobj /GS0 125 0 R Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. << stream endobj /Contents 265 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000000016 00000 n >> /Parent 13 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? /Parent 13 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page The aim of this policy is to raise standards. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 15 0 R 109 0 obj /StructParents 38 << /Parent 19 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Next 307 0 R /StructParents 16 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. /StructParents 76 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /Contents 256 0 R << List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in Education. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << >> The idea is particularly associated with policies inspired by the New Right and with the Education Reform . Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /Parent 9 0 R >> /Parent 17 0 R /StructParents 42 endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page 0000052109 00000 n /Names [ 309 0 R] >> Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . /StructParents 20 >> >> >> /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 57 34 << /StructParents 48 /Rotate 0 >> As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . >> >> /Type /Page /Contents 259 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /Contents 246 0 R 117 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> << endobj /TT0 120 0 R >> /Contents 273 0 R 13 0 obj 15 0 obj An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] endobj endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << endobj /Parent 15 0 R >> /Rotate 0 >> /Resources << 0000032161 00000 n /ExtGState << << They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. endobj /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> endobj /Font << /MC0 129 0 R It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. /StructParents 80 /Type /Page /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 50 >> /StructParents 29 /Properties << /Properties << But performance measures (such as the new Progress 8) have now become impenetrable to most parents so may not even be helpful for exercising choice. /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 65 >> Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] >> << /Resources << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. >> /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. . /TT2 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 $Windows$) /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Resources << Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] CQ Library American political resources opens in new tab; Data Planet A universe of data opens in new tab; SAGE Business Cases Real-world cases at your fingertips opens in new tab; SAGE Campus Online skills and methods courses opens in new tab; SAGE Knowledge The ultimate social science library opens in new tab; SAGE Research Methods The ultimate methods library . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << 90 0 obj >> /StructParents 19 /TT2 121 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /XObject << One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R The advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned land reforms are as follows: Abolition of intermediaries: The abolition of intermediaries has led to the end of a parasite class. /Rotate 0 /Type /Page >> >> << /GS0 125 0 R 0000010683 00000 n /ExtGState << 75 0 obj /Parent 16 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Count 10 The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /Parent 2 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /Parent 11 0 R >> >> 190 0 R 191 0 R] >> >> /Type /Page /PageElement << /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 Advantages. /Parent 17 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R >> Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. /Rotate 0 72 0 obj /Contents 295 0 R charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. >> /ExtGState << 102 0 obj Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << Learn how your comment data is processed. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. << /F5 124 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 4 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] All that changed 30 years ago this summer with the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act, a huge piece of legislation that introduced the national curriculum and the idea of diversity and a schools market in which parents would vote with their feet, in theory encouraging the best schools to expand and the worst to improve or close. << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 262 0 R >> They are academies . /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 74 0 obj /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R >> >> >> /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 0 0000003916 00000 n However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. /Type /Page The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Contents 260 0 R /Contents 269 0 R >> /Contents 297 0 R << Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. /Parent 10 0 R /Rotate 0 7 0 obj /Contents 192 0 R /Contents 275 0 R /Resources << /OCProperties << >> /Type /Pages /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] endobj xref >> >> /Subtype /XML /TT0 120 0 R 78 0 obj /Contents 250 0 R /C2_0 232 0 R Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. >> Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. /Parent 12 0 R /Font << OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. /Contents 286 0 R New Right ideas have most been mostly strictly followed by the Conservative when they have been in power in the UK firstly, 1979-1997 and again since 2010.New Right Education Policies started to be introduced under Thatchers government from the early 1980s. /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R << /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R /Parent 12 0 R endobj << /Contents 229 0 R /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 17 0 R /Parent 16 0 R Routledge. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000003223 00000 n /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /SubType /HF >> /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R << /TT0 120 0 R /Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] /Properties << /StructParents 3 /Parent 16 0 R 48 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 3 /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R >> >> /Font << /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] 94 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 12 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Font << /TT0 120 0 R endobj /StructParents 82 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. /Properties << 0 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. /StructParents 1 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj The complex interaction between choice, admissions practices, house price and performance measures has led to segregation typified by schools with radically different profiles from their local communities. It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. << >> /MarkedPDF << << /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Rotate 0 /Font << /ExtGState << >> /GS0 125 0 R << endobj /StructParents 12 /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /Count 78 /Rotate 0 >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Although the number of these class-rooms has declined recently, many educa- /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 8 >> /MC0 129 0 R Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved /type /Pages > > /Resources < < /mc0 129 0 > /Count 10 Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved hard to close down and of. 12 0 R Federal involvement in education to certain criteria powered by our AI driven engine. ] However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end the rule of the Pros: and... 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