archetypal criticism in othello

In addition, he modified and extended his concept over the many decades of his professional life, often insisting that archetype named a process, a perspective, and not a content, although this flexibility was lost through the codifying, nominalizing tendencies of his followers. It has been mentioned earlier that pattern in literature refers to recurrent images, forms and words. A storm has dispersed the Venetian fleet so that Cassio arrives first, anxious for Othello's safety. To date, the British Journal of Analytical Psychology and the retitled American Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture are the best resources for archetypal criticism of literature and the arts even though only a small percentage of their published articles treat such topics. Frye, then, first misinterprets Jungian theory by insisting on a Lamarckian view of genetic transmission of archetypes, which Jung explicitly rejected, and later settles on a concept of archetype as a literary occurrence per se, an exclusively intertextual recurring phenomenon resembling a convention (99). Othello relies easily on Iago to believe without being thought deeply. Is Othello or Hamlet better? 125-126). Many fell prey to Jungs idiosyncrasies as a reader, ranging widely and naively over genres, periods, and languages in search of the universal archetypes, while sweeping aside cultureand text-specific problems, ignoring their own role in the act of reading and basing critical evaluation solely on a texts contribution to the advancement of the readers individuation process, a kind of literature-astherapy standard. "Othello", by William Shakespeare, is a story of jealousy's potential to manipulate thoughts and eventually lead to ultimate demise. At the center of the plays intrigue is Shakespeares most sinister and formidable conceptions of evil in Iago, whose motives and the wellspring of his villainy continue to haunt audiences and critics alike. James Baird, Jungian Psychology in Criticism: Theoretical Problems, Literary Criticism and Psychology (ed. Categories: Archetypal Criticism, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Myth Criticism, Psychoanalysis, Tags: Achetypes, Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language, Anatomy of Criticism, Archetypal Criticism, Archetypal feminist criticism, Archetypal Patterns in Poetry, Archetypal Psychology, Archetypal Theory, Archetypal Theory and Criticism, Archetypal Theory Criticism, Claude Levi-Strauss, Ernst Cassirer, Evangelos Christou, Francis Fergusson, Frazer, Gilbert Durand, Henri Corbin, Hermes and His Children, Hillman, Imagining: A Phenomenological Study, J. G. Frazer, J. G. Frazer The Golden Bough, James Hillman, Jessie Weston, Joseph Campbell, Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture., Jung's Psychology of the Unconscious, Jungian Approach to Literature, Leslie Fiedler, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Logos of the Soul, Maud Bodkin, Myth, Myth theory and crticism, New Polytheism, Northrop Frye, Philip Wheelwright, Psychoanalysis, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Richard Chase, Spring Journal, Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, The Golden Bough, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language. Ralph Manheim, 1974); Morris Philipson, Outline of a Jungian Aesthetic (1963, reprint, 1991); Annis Pratt et al., Archetypal Patterns in Womens Fiction (1981); Jos van Meurs and John Kidd, Jungian Literary Criticism, 1920-1980: An Annotated Critical Bibliography of Works in English (with a Selection of Titles after 1980) (1988); William K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Cleanth Brooks, Literary Criticism: A Short History (1957). (DOC) Archetypal Criticism | Nadhim Aljanabi - Academia.edu the characters in Shakespeare's play Othello ever challenge the right of a husband to murder a wife accused of adultery. Egypt) and titles (e.g. According to Aristotle, a tragic protagonist is a nobleman or person from high status, who contributes to his own demise and illustrates a flaw or weakness in judgment. 3. And the 1980s saw a new, suggestive, and controversial direction in archetypal studies of literature: the feminist. Archetypal Criticism - SlideShare Abstract. Ignoring her appeals for mercy and avowals of innocence, Othello smothers her moments before Emilia arrives with the proof of Desdemonas innocence and Iagos villainy. After Othello learns of a possible affair between Cassio and Desdemona, at this instance is the turning point in Othellos fortune because it changes his views, attitudes and ultimately his fate. He had even gone as far as hitting her (4.1 134). Iagos motivation is anything but explainable in conventional terms. He is a character of high stature that is destroyed by his surroundings, his own actions, and his fate. However, Othello's words give a deeper insight into how he still misunderstands the situation. Shakespeare often focuses his plays on human nature as well as fate, which Othellos fate ended in the tragic ending due to his reversal of fortune once the claims against Desdemona begin. Just another site. Archetypal Criticism - ResearchGate These patterns include persistent images, figures, and story patterns shared by people across diverse cultures. Consistent with his role as guardian of order in the state, Othello carries out his own execution, by analogy judging his act as a violation reflected by Venices savage enemy: And say besides, that in Aleppo once, A Christian Moor and general of the armies of Venice, Othello is an eloquent and physically powerful figure, respected by all those around him. Othello is the most painfully exciting and the most terrible. For Cassirer, reason alone cannot lead to truth, but mythical thinking which focuses on immediate experience is essential. In Shakespeare's Othello, Iago is one of the most compelling villains in English literature. "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." The approaches of semiologists, structuralists and deconstructivists . This is not a satisfactory frame of mind for an investigator, and it is certainly not an . English Literature: Frye: The Archetypes - Blogger Northrop Frye, however, further developed this theory in his book Anatomy of Criticism and later in his essay 'The Archetypes in Literature . Indeed, myth criticism seems singularly unaffected by any of the archetypal theorists who have remained faithful to the origins and traditions of depth, especially analytical, psychologyJames Hillman, Henri Corbin, Gilbert Durand, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Evangelos Christou. The major work of Frye's to deal with archetypes is Anatomy of Criticism but his essay The Archetypes of Literature is a precursor to the book. Categories: Drama Criticism, ELIZABEHAN POETRY AND PROSE, Literary Criticism, Literature, Tags: Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Drama Criticism, Essays Of William Shakespeares Othello, Notes Of William Shakespeares Othello, Othello, Othello Analysis, Othello Criticism, Othello Essay, Othello Feminism, Othello Notes, Othello Play, Othello PSychoanalysis, Othello Summary, Plot Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Summary Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Themes Of William Shakespeares Othello, William Shakespeare, William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth, Analysis of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. However, in William Shakespeare's Othello, Emilia's character portrays three completely different archetypes and they all come through in strategical places. Eliot, Samuel Taylor) characterize themselves as realists, pragmatic, practical, eschewing the supporters of the so-called weaker Othello, who conversely tend to describe themselves as somehow morally elevated, more empathetic. James Hillman, Archetypal Psychology: A Brief Account (1983), Re-Visioning Psychology (1975); C. G. Jung, Collected Works (ed. Othello - Shakespeare Birthplace Trust They were built to defen the city of Nicosia during the Otto-man Venetian war. How to respect you; you are the lord of duty; His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the characters surrounding him. On a general level, Jungs and Fryes theorizings about archetypes, however labeled, overlap, and boundaries are elusive, but in the disciplines of literature the two schools have largely ignored each others work. Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. In Othello, the themes such as love and jealousy reflects on the characters motivation and their values. While acknowledging the grave weaknesses of much Jungian writing on literature as unsubtle and rigid application of preconceived psychological notions and schemes resulting in particularly ill-judged or distorted readings, van Meurs still finds that sensitively, flexibly and cautiously used, Jungian psychological theory may stimulate illuminating literary interpretations (14-15). Archetypal criticism | SpringerLink I pray you, in your letters, . 1. This does not stop her, though, from continuing to care for Othello. "Now will I question assio of ianca, As he shall smile, Othello shall go mad; . Othello, a play that was written in 1604 by William Shakespeare, is an example of a type of story called a tragedy. Throughout the course of the work, Othello proves himself to be very easily misled, despite his heroic status. Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jungs theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. Critical approaches to Othello | The British Library Home Archetypal Criticism Archetypal Criticism, By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on October 22, 2020 ( 0 ). For Frye, as William K. Wimsatt and Cleanth Brooks put it, archetype, borrowed from Jung, means a primordial image, a part of the collective unconscious, the psychic residue of numberless experiences of the same kind, and thus part of the inherited response-pattern of the race (Literary Criticism 709). No products in the cart. A tragic hero has many characteristics, 3 of them being that they must have an error in judgement, they must have a reversal of fortune, and they must recognize that the reversal of fortune was brought about by their own actions. The concept of the archetype is a venerable philosophical principle that came into new prominence and usage in the twentieth century with the development of archetypal literary criticism . Two publishing events at the beginning of the 1990s in the United States may signal the coming of age of this kind of archetypal criticism through its convergence with postmodern critical thought, along with a commensurate insistence on its roots in the depth psychology of Jung: the reissue of Morris Philipsons 1963 Outline of a Jungian Aesthetic and the appearance of Karin Barnaby and Pellegrino DAcerinos multidisciplinary, multicultural collection of essays, C. G. Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture. William Shakespeare utilized archetype frequently as a literary device in his plays. Othello as a character of noble blood seems to conform to all these. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. Van Meurs also does a service by resurrecting successful but neglected early studies, such as Elizabeth Drews of T. S. Eliot (1949), and discovering value even in reductionist and impressionistic studies, such as June Singers of Blake. I am hitherto your daughter. Instead, they blame him for his own ultimate ruin. Jung was also more preoccupied with dreams and fantasies, because he saw them as exclusively (purely) products of the unconscious, in contrast to literature, which he oddly believed, citing Joyces Ulysses as an example, was created in the full light of consciousness (15:123). Othello is a tragedy plan written by William Shakespeare. Othello also matches Aristotle's ideas of tragic hero because our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causing us to feel sympathy for him. Archetypal Criticism - Chirila - Major Reference Works - Wiley Online The three fundamental qualities of an archetype are: An archetype is a preconscious, instinctual expression of man's basic nature. This passage reveals how much Othello has deteriorated as far as his ability to reason. I will withdraw "He is, in a sense, a 'self made man', the . Earnest Cassirer, a social anthropologist was an important influence on myth criticism. Succeeds in unknown fate. And so much duty as my mother showd O, farewell! Desdemona on her deathbed, still defends her Lords actions. Frye's thesis in "The Archetypes of Literature" remains largely unchanged in Anatomy of Criticism. As Iago asserts to Roderigo, Virtue? The scene crowns love triumphant. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. Summary and Analysis Act IV: Scene 2 - CliffsNotes Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture. while we are reading any of [Shakespeare's] great criminal characters - we think not so much of the crimes which they commit, as of the ambition, the aspiring spirit, the intellectual activity which prompts them to . The Moor is eventually captured, tortured, and slain by Disdemonas relatives, while the ensign dies during torture for another crime. Placing responsibility in the stars - he calls Desdemona an "ill-starred wench" - is hardly a gallant course of action. Hillman also discovers archetypal precursors in Neoplatonism, Heraclitus, Plotinus, Proclus, Marsilio Ficino, and Giambattista Vico. Hillman invokes Henri Corbin (1903-78), French scholar, philosopher, and mystic known for his work on Islam, as the second father of archetypal psychology. The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains a number of themes; their relative importance and priority is debated by literary critics. Archetypal Criticism - A Companion to Literary Theory - Wiley Online Literary Critics on Othello. The movie Zootopia uses animals to portray racism and sexism; predators do not like prey and vice versa. Othello: A Survey of Criticism :: Internet Shakespeare Editions - UVic.ca Desdemonas true morals is her absolute devotion to her husband. Aristotles second requirement for a tragedy is that the tragic hero must have a reversal of fortune. In this essay let us examine the various themes and determine which are dominant and which subordinate. Nothing extenuate, And smote himthus. Iago will direct the remainder of the play, constructing Othellos down-fall out of the flimsiest evidence and playing on the strengths and weaknesses of Othellos nature and the doubts that erode Othellos faith in Desdemona. Othello makes an error in judgement, which leads to his change in fortune, and later realizes that his actions are what caused said change in fortune. In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. Her Jungian Approach to Literature attempts to cover the Finnish epic The Kalevala, the Persian Atars The Conference of the Birds, and texts by Euripides, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Michel de Montaigne, Pierre Corneille, Goethe, Novalis, Rabbi ben Simhah Nachman, and W. B. Yeats. Frye frequently acknowledged his debt to Jung, accepted some of Jungs specifically named archetypes persona and anima and counsellor and shadow and referred to his theory as Jungian criticism (Anatomy 291), a practice subsequently followed in some hand books of literary terms and histories of literary criticism, including one edited by Frye himself, which obscured crucial differences and contributed to the confusion in terminology reigning today. Othello Archetypal Tragic Hero Analysis - 1236 Words | Bartleby Often in our society people are labelled as, or fit into a, certain character mould and their behaviour and actions remain consistent. (3.3.54) Ex. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX Be sure to capitalize proper nouns (e.g. An equal case can be made that Iago here completes his role as Vice, borrowed from the medieval morality plays, sealing the Faustian bargain for Othellos soul in this mock or black marriage scene. Shakespeare's play, Othello, the Moor of Venice, is a powerful example of a tragedy and its main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. Thus, all contrastive categorization would benefit from archetypal analysis. Feminist archetypal theory, proceeding inductively, restored Jungs original emphasis on the fluid, dynamic nature of the archetype, drawing on earlier feminist theory as well as the work of Jungian Erich Neumann to reject absolutist, ahistorical, essentialist, and transcendentalist misinterpretations. "), "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." Othello, though, decides to kill her. Citations Despite his deliberately selective focus on critical works written in English on literary texts that are, for the most part, also written in English, van Meurs, with the early assistance of John Kidd, has collected 902 entries, of which he identifies slightly over 80 as valid and valuable literary criticism. After confronting Desdemona of her crimes he decides to carry out his overall plan to end his trues loves life. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX, ("An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare. Character analysis: Iago in Othello | The British Library "In Sidney's view, tragedy provokes "the affects of admiration and commiseration" and so demonstrates "the uncertainty of this world". Patterns originate from the writer's . However, the protagonist of the tragedy play only partially meets the definition of Aristotles tragic hero. Othello must now face the realization of what he has done. This assignment is intended to encourage you, and require you . The character of Iago is so conducted, that he is from the first scene to the last hated and despised. Even when Desdemona was found after Othello strangles her, she still believed that her death was not the fault of Othello. This causes him to lose his ability to make good judgments and decisions. archetypal criticism in othello That Cassios not alive. Othello sends Emilia outside to guard the door. An archetype is the original pattern or . If after every tempest come such calms, Human emotions have a lot of power over how we react to situations in life, the trick is learning how to not let them take over.

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