reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf
reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf
Population of the country 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| It is our pleasure. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. << First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Required fields are marked *. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? 3. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. What is federalism? However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Email Address. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. stream The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. However, that is not so in a federal government system. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism endobj Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . /BitsPerComponent 8 >> Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Excellent, thanks a lot f welcome, and thanks for reading us. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp by the federal or any state government. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. /Parent 2 0 R Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. /Type /Page The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism /F6 21 0 R Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. /F7 24 0 R It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. << reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Rt. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. local government autonomy.docx - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. s" $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. ! Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. >> ff>qsfN? . Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. All rights reserved. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. 1. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. /Width 371 Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. /F5 18 0 R Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Nigeria. Pls visit us again dear reader. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. /F1 6 0 R It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. /Type /XObject and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. Each state has the same level of self-governance. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 2. 2. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria.