mi kmaq family names in newfoundland

Bridges of Kentucky > Blog > Uncategorized > mi kmaq family names in newfoundland. During the colonial period, when the French and British competed for claims to land in North America, the Mi'kmaq became allied with France with whom they traded. Alternative names for the Micmac, which can be found in historical sources, include Gaspesians, Souriquois, (Migmak, allies; Nigmak, our allies.Hewitt). 1926 Micmac Road. There is a concerted effort on the part of Mikmaq people to protect and promote their religious beliefs and customs. All but two communities (the Qalipu Mikmaq First Nation and La Nation Micmac de Gespeg in Fontenelle, Qubec) possess reserve lands. THE MIKMAQ PRESENCE IN HALLS BAY. Ottawa scrambles to renegotiate 2008 deal after 100,000 people register as Mi'kmaq to receive benefits under agreement with Federation of Newfoundland Indian I'd counsel a combination of DNA testing, careful family tree work, and a very healthy scepticism of family history. During the visit Grand Keptin Antle Denny, spokesperson for the Grand Council, said, "We were happy to visit and meet some of our relations, visit communities and acknowledge our extended Mikmaq family. Originally published in 1977, Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland is a unique reference work, giving Newfoundlanders, both in the province and away, a fascinating look at their roots. Louis Leon Muise 10. For the As a result, when the French were defeated by the British in 1763, the Mi'kmaq April 25, 2015 at 12:54 pm. Genealogy sites Newfoundland Mi'kmaq | dorothystewart.net While the National Household Survey asks speakers to self-report an understanding of a language, linguists measure health of a language by the number of fluent speakers. Bernard, Ben Born-1886 Died-July 15, 1924 Age-38 Place of Birth-Whycocomagh. As a result, when the French were defeated by the British in 1763, the Mi'kmaq in Newfoundland were regarded with suspicion by British authorities. Did you know? Mi'kmaq have argued[citation needed] that in addition, a group of Mi'kmaq lived on the island for hundreds of years. Vietnam War Photos. 78-712-2462. George Lillington was born around the same time as Georges grandmother Sarah Jane (b. Addendum. (See also Indigenous Peoples: Treaties). Bell Island is near St. Johns, but the girls family may have moved there from one of the two. RSS; Facebook; Email; Talk to us. "4344 During an impassioned community meeting in 1923 Noel Jeddore said that "if we stopped speaking Mikmaq in the church, there would be murder in our hearts." John's}} , The Newfoundland Interior "The Beothuk Phase" , ''Narrative of a Journey Across the Island of Newfoundland'' , ''On the country: The Micmac of Newfoundland'' . THE MIKMAQ PRESENCE IN HALLS BAY. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. During the colonial period, the Mi'kmaq were allied with the French. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland When community members reported this to St. Croix he interpreted it to mean that Jeddore was threatening murder.4546 He called the RCMP and Jeddore was given the choice of going to jail or exile. Some historians [citation needed], In 1972 activists formed the Native Association of Newfoundland and Labrador as the main organization representing the Mi'kmaq, Innu and Inuit peoples of Newfoundland and Labrador. convey meaning. Native American history. They disputed the authority of the federal government to determine who qualifies as Mikmaq. In 1987, the Miawpukek Mi'kmaq First Nation was recognized under the Indian Act, and their community of Conne River was classified as reserved land for the Mi'kmaq. Life under British, and later Canadian, governance was not kind to the Mikmaq, who were subjected to conscious attempts to alter their lifestyle. When the Mi'kmaq first encountered Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries, their territory stretched from the southern portions of the Gasp Peninsula eastward to most of modern-day New Brunswick, and all of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. By the 17th century, the Mi'kmaq would often visit the island they called Taqamkuk (present-day Newfoundland) by crossing the Cabot Strait in shallops that they adopted from European traders. The Mikmaq (also Mi'gmaq, Lnu, Mikmaw or Migmaw; English: / m m /; Mikmaq: ) are a First Nations people of the Northeastern Woodlands, indigenous to the areas of Canada's Atlantic Provinces and the Gasp Peninsula of Quebec as well as the northeastern region of Maine.They call their national territory Mikmaki (or Migmagi). Anne Mius 6. McAlpine's Directory of 1894 1898 of the area lists occupants with the surnames of Deman (Damois), Jesso, Tourout, Simon, Benoit, Young, Lainey, Carter, Paria (Porrier), Renouf, and Chesson (Chaisson). E9E 2P2. Leadership, based on prestige rather than power, was largely concerned with mi kmaq family names in newfoundlandcrockett elementary school hours Menu reasonable cause to doubt collectibility Maurice Lewis came to Miawipukek originally from Cape Breton in 1815.6 When he left Miawpukek Jerrold hung the medal on the statue of St. Anne near the Catholic Church.7 The priest, St. Croix, who deposed Chief Noel Jeddore in 1924 "was also responsible for dismantling traditional governing structures in the community. issn 0316-5981 , Micmac Migration to Western Newfoundland , {{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Doug |first2=Gerald |last2=Penney |date=1993 |title=On the Country |series=The Micmac of Newfoundland |publisher=Harry Cuff Publications |location=St. Your site can generate various Reports for each name in your family tree. Hi Malcolm, Bennett (anglicized from Benoit) is a common name among Mikmaq families from the west and south coasts of Newfoundland. Ramie Muise 9. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland 2022, nintendo switch carnival games motion control, Best Restaurants Near Conrad Hotel Washington, Dc. were prepared when they first encountered fishermen off their shores. They settled along all principal rivers in this province, including the Avon and its tributaries. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland - stradanove.net Oral history and archeological evidence place the Mikmaq Overview. CONNECT. Do you know who your second cousins are? Discover your DNA story and unlock the secrets of your ancestry and genealogy with our DNA kits for ancestry and the worlds most comprehensive DNA database. Colonial myths once claimed the French brought Mikmaq to Newfoundland from Nova Scotia to help kill off the Beothuk. mainstays modern 8-cube bookcase, espresso; dolly perfume release date; mi kmaq family names in newfoundland Double consonants or eliminate double consonants. Registration date 25 June 1726. In Ktaqmkuk, Mikmaq intermarried with French settlers and lived primarily along the south and southwest coasts, eventually expanding into Beothuk territory as the number of the islands earlier inhabitants dwindled. Mi'kmaq and their ancestors, Sagiwek Lnuk (Ancient Ones), are the founding people of Nova Scotia and have been here for over 13,500 years. with animal skins and sinews. There are already 43 users and 429 genealogy profiles with the Mi'kmaq surname on Geni. September 7, 2022. Larry Arthur Muise Marie Philippe II Line B 1. The Native Council of Nova Scotia and the Mi'kmaw Native Friendship Centre both offer a wide range of programs and services, primarily to . Did You Know? The remaining seven communities are represented by the Confederacy of Mainland Mi'kmaq (Bear River, Annapolis Valley, Glooscap, Millbrook, Paqtnkek, Pictou Landing and Sipeknekatik First Nations). "1415, Miawpukek was a summer camp until Jeannot Pequidalouet - the eastern Mi'kmaq chief of Cape Breton, who had previously overwintered in Newfoundland - began to create a permanent settlement in Miawpukek from in the 1760s. (See also Indigenous Art in Canada). Ever since 1 October 1986, Treaty Day in Nova Scotia and some other parts of Atlantic Canada has commemorated the signing and significance of the Peace and Friendship Treaties. This fundamentally altered the lifestyle of the Mikmaq, who focused on trapping and trading furs rather than subsistence hunting and gathering. by. nine nations included 8,210 registered people, while the two nations in each of Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador had populations of 1,294 and 26,966, respectively. Collectively, the 13 Mikmaw Chiefs comprise the Assembly of Nova Scotia Mikmaq Chiefs, the highest level of decision-making in the negotiation and consultation processes in Nova Scotia, supported by the Kwilmukw Maw-klusuaqn Negotiation Office, also known as the Mikmaq Rights Initiative. He along with some community members chose to go to a Mikmaq reserve in Eskasoni, Cape Breton with very close ties to the Conne River community.4748 Noel Jeddore appointed his son as Chief in the 1920s but his son refused.49 According to American anthropologist and University of Pennsylvania professor Frank Speck, one of his older Mi'kmaq informants described in detail how the Mi'kmaq made the sixty mile voyage across the Cabot Strait between Cape Ray on the south-western coast of Newfoundland and Cape North, Cape Breton in two days by birch bark canoes.5051, According to the Miawpukek First Nation, Jeddore said: "One time before they became Christians, Mikmaw were very strong, not even bullets could hurt them. Click here to visit the Mi'kmaq First Nation Interactive Map. Western Genealogical and Historical Association of Newfoundland and Labrador. The cover of the Beatles classic was produced by Emmas teacher Carter Chiasson, translated by teacher Katani Julian and her father, Albert Golydada The Native Council of Nova Scotia and the Mikmaw Native Friendship Centre both offer a wide range of programs and services, primarily to Aboriginal people living off-reserve. To provide context, it is believed John Michael may have been Captain Jock Mitchell, the grandfather of Newfoundlands most famous Mikmaq man Mattie Mitchell and father of Bay of Islands ancestor Mary (Mitchell) Brake. The The nation has a Explore Mi'kmaq genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. relation stemming from the treaties of the 1700s, and that the Mikmaq have Indigenous rights to the lands described in those treaties. You can select a name from the list on the top-right menu bar.In addition to the charts and reports you have Photo Albums, the Events list and the Relationships tool. Canada. Mi'kmaq (Mi'kmaw, Micmac or L'nu, "the people" in Mi'kmaq) are Indigenous peoples who are among the original inhabitants in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. In the past, the Grand Chief (Kji Sagamaw or Kji Saqmaw) was the head of state for the collective Mikmaq political body, which consisted of captains (keptins or kjikeptan), who led the council, wampum readers (putus or putus), who maintained treaty and traditional laws, and soldiers (smagnis), who In the 1600s and 1700s, the council discussed political issues and entered into treaties with the British. As of 2015, there were slightly fewer than 60,000 The tribe has bands in the Provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Quebec in Canada. Representatives from across Mikmaq territory sit on the council. [17][18][12][13] In 2017, only 18,044 were eligible for membership. Ottawa scrambles to renegotiate 2008 deal after 100,000 people register as Mi'kmaq to receive benefits under agreement with Federation of Newfoundland Indian Christine Mason. After the first round of enrollment, 23,000 of 30,000 applicants were accepted. (See also Indigenous Territory). They originally crossed from Cape Breton and settled in St. Georges Bay, from where they travelled the island hunting and tending extensive trap lines. The beginnings of the Newfoundland Mi'Kmaq movement in the 1970s may have been well intentioned by the people who initiated it, people such as Chiefs White and Young, but in the last 10 years it has degenerated into a money grab for those who can access it through a reach of ancestry. It is also accessible from Madelines Trail, which runs from Middle Brook River Trail across a ridge to Stephens Road. They said that, while the government of Canada may have jurisdiction over who is an Indian, they do not have the constitutional right to determine who is a Mikmaw. most post-treaty European and Loyalist settlers ignored, or were ignorant of, Mikmaq rights. While some Mikmaq are Christian, traditional Mikmaq spirituality is still practised. Mi'kmaq | The Canadian Encyclopedia "18 Prior to the early nineteenth century Mi'kmaq lived a nomadic life moving in cycles and seasons between Newfoundland and Cape Breton. Posted by Evelyn Yvonne Theriault | Today, the Mikmaq Grand Council members advocate for the promotion and preservation of Mikmaq people, language After the Beothuk people declined in the 1800s, the Mi'kmaq no longer shared Newfoundland's interior with anyone. Mikmaq people have occupied their traditional territory, Migmagi, since time immemorial. and thus all Mikmaq peoples, to a moderate livelihood through hunting and fishing rights. There is no central headquarters for the entire Micmac Tribe. After the band was approved as a First Nation, 100,000 people applied for membership and a total of 23,000 were approved. Byrne, Chaffey, Fahey, Fizzard, Fudge, Grouchy, Hynes, Inkpen, Lyver, McLaughlin, Miles, Murphy, Puddester, Quirk -- the names themselves are evocative of Newfoundland. Mikmaki. In his MA thesis Butler citing Jackson described how under the leadership of Jeddore, the Mikmaq in the Bay DEspoir "lived in greater isolation and so were able both to retain their language well into the twentieth century and to continue their traditional practices of living as hunter-gatherers and commercial trappers. Joseph Mius II There is no central headquarters for the entire Micmac Tribe. Contemporary Mikmaq artists Mi'kmaq and their ancestors, Sagiwek Lnuk (Ancient Ones), are the founding people of Nova Scotia and have been here for over 13,500 years. This band is a landless band based on the island of Newfoundland. Browne, D.D Ph. Prolonged conflict between French and British colonial powers often pulled Mikmaq into the fray. Julian, and recorded by Emma and fellow students at Allison Bernard Memorial High School in Eskasoni First Nation, Cape Breton. Discover your DNA story and unlock the secrets of your ancestry and genealogy with our DNA kits for ancestry and the worlds most comprehensive DNA database. In 1763, after France was defeated by Britain in the Seven Years' War, it ceded all its land east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, including the Mi'kmaq's traditional land. Tribal Headquarters. | Canadian Native Surnames, Mi'kmaq Micmac Mi'gmaq Surnames, New Brunswick Mi'kmaq, Wabanaki Confederacy Surnames | Pursuant to the Private Business Use test set forth at 26 USC 141, the tax-exempt status of a bond issuance is jeopardized if more than 10% of the tax-exempt bond proceeds are used for Private . Due to their proximity to the Atlantic, the Mikmaq were among the first peoples in North America to interact with European explorers, fishermen and traders. Despite facing discrimination in Canada and a lack of civil rights (Mikmaq and other Indigenous peoples were not granted the right to vote until 1960), more than 200 Mikmaq | Canadian Mi'kmaq census records, Mi'kmaq Genealogy, Mi'kmaq Micmac Mi'gmaq Surnames, The Micmac of Eastern Canada, Wabanaki Confederacy Surnames | However, these numbers may The Royal Proclamation of 1763, though it established Indigenous rights in much of Canada, did not mention Maritime colonies. Native American. St. Croix's ban on language" were "the primary reasons for the decline of Mi'kmaw language in the area39 and by the 1980s the language had largely disappeared. Posted by Evelyn Yvonne Theriault | The federal government ratified it in 2008.[10]. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland Millais observed that in the absence of a Catholic priest Conne River at Christmas time, Joe Jeddore was "high priest. Advice for Researching Mi'kmaq Surname Variations. [21], In 2013, Chiefs Terrance Paul and Gerard Julian, co-chairs of the Assembly of Nova Scotia Chiefs, sent a joint letter to the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. He was born at Indian Point, Bay d'Espoir and he died at Eskasoni, Cape Breton.4, The name "Jeddore" can be traced back to Wejitu Isidore, (ca. Mikmaq peoples, who had readily adapted to European trade goods, were likewise receptive to religious practices. [13][19] In 2018, the Qalipu First Nation announced that the updated Founding Members List for the Band was adopted by way of an Order in Council which came into effect on June 25, 2018. The Qalipu First Nation (Pronounced: ha-lee-boo, meaning: Caribou),[2] is a Mikmaq band government, created by order-in-council in 2011 pursuant to the Agreement for the Recognition of the Qalipu Mikmaq Band. My experience is that a lot more people claim Native American ancestry than actually have it. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. I have two ancestors, one in Nova Scotia and one in Newfoundland, who I was told, definitively, were Mi'kmaq. In 1970, there were approximately 6,000 Mikmaq speakers, compared to the nearly 9,000 reported in 2016. Project Statistics. [6] After the Labrador Innu and Inuit left the Association in 1975, the organization was renamed as the Federation of Newfoundland Indians. They also used the bountiful timber of the region to construct canoes, snowshoes and shelters, usually in combination Election: Councillor: Charlene CombdonElection (by-election): Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, "Qalipu First Nation members vote in record numbers, re-electing Brendan Mitchell as chief", "Qalipu Becomes Member of the Assembly of First Nations", "The History of the Newfoundland Mi'kmaq", "Who belongs in Canada's newest and possibly largest First Nation? Birthdays and Anniversaries of living persons are listed by month. Wabanaki. Last Edited. Nevertheless, Mikmaq is the only Indigenous language in significant active use in Migmagi (Maliseet had less than 800 speakers in 2011), and as such, is an important symbol of cultural strength and perseverance for the community. The English and other Europeans had little knowledge of the interior and relied on the Mi'kmaq as guides[citation needed]. From here we can piece the family together, with the following evidence: 1. In 1999, a report by the Nova Scotia Mikmaw Language Centre of Excellence indicated fewer than 3,000 fluent speakers. The Great Spirit is the creator of the world and all its inhabitants, a concept that was not destroyed Music is another important element of Mikmaq culture. Contemporary Mikmaq communities are located predominantly in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, but with a significant presence in Quebec, Newfoundland, Maine and the Boston area. Click here to visit the Fact Sheets. In 1898, a railway was constructed across the island, giving Europeans greater access to Newfoundland's interior. Rather than a sequential, time-based verb tense structure (as in English), the Mikmaq language is experiential, relying on the evidence of the speaker to But when they became Christian, they turned into a very weak people".52, Category:1865_births Category:1944_deaths Category:20th-century_First_Nations_people Category:Canadian_exiles Category:Dominion_of_Newfoundland_people Category:Indigenous_leaders_in_Atlantic_Canada Category:Mi'kmaq_people Category:People_from_Newfoundland_(island), A signed statement of this information mentioned I the Holy Cross Annual, 1961, signed by Joseph Jeddore and witnessed by John Denny Jeddore and John Benoit Sr. was sent to P.W. Continue reading Other organizations, like the Mikmaq Rights Initiative (Kwilmukw Maw-klusuaqn), advocate politically for the recognition and implementation of treaty rights. QC | Bonaventure Mann | Mi'kmaq (1921) Index: Native Surname Census Extracts. The council survives to this day, although its political powers have been restricted by federal legislation, Newfoundland And Labrador. Jun 2022 24. ion golden titanium curling iron 1 1/4 inch Facebook; the most cherished moment of my life Twitter; chevrolet trailblazer Google+; As chief, Noel Jeddore was given guardianship of the gold medal first given to the previous district Chief Maurice Lewis by the Grand Council. Indian Baby. in Mikmaq went viral. Mikmaq History. In 1857, a colonial census of Newfoundland recorded Mi'kmaq settlements at St. George's Bay, Codroy Valley, Bay d'Espoir, and the Bay of Exploits.[5]. Newfoundland And Labrador. My experience is that a lot more people claim Native American ancestry than actually have it. Newfoundland, however, was still sparsely populated, and most Europeans lived on the eastern portion of the island and only in small isolated coastal settlements. According to the 2016 Census, 8,870 people are listed as speaking Mikmaq. continue to occupy this area as well as settlements in Newfoundland and New England, especially Boston. such as the Indian Act. View Public Profile. April 25, 2015 at 12:54 pm. Add or drop an 's' especially near or at McAlpine's Directory of 1894 1898 of the area lists occupants with the surnames of Deman (Damois), Jesso, Tourout, Simon, Benoit, Young, Lainey, Carter, Paria (Porrier), Renouf, and Chesson (Chaisson). It has single- and double-letter constants as well as five vowels that make both long and short sounds. "[23] Since then, representatives of the Mi'kmaq Grand Council have visited Newfoundland to meet with the Qalipu Chief and Council, and community members acknowledging the extended Mi'kmaq family in Newfoundland. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. During that time, and after conflicts with Britain, the Mikmaq signed treaties in 1726, 1749, 1752 and 176061, followed by two treaties to secure alliances during the American Revolution. Family photographs are organized in the, Descended From A Single Ancestral Group, DNA Study Confirms, Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Newfoundland Mi'kmaq Family History and Genealogy. "2425 Like William Cormack who had undertaken an expedition in 1822 to the interior of Newfoundland with his Mi'kmaq guide Joseph Sylvester, a young Mi'kmaq hunter from Miawpukek, Bay d'Espoir, he provided details on the lives of the Newfoundland Mi'kmaq.26272829, Newfoundland Governor William MacGregor visited Bay d'Espoir in September 1908. [12][13] The rest of the outstanding applications were put in indefinite storage. warrior-soldiers ( Micmac Indians, Mikmaq First Nation. effective management of the fishing and hunting economy. Check out the Relationships tool. Vignettes of Bay St. George Micmacs. The main Mikmaq family lines on the Port au Port Peninsula (Payun Aqq Payunji'j) today include Benoit, Lainey, Hinks, Jesso, Young and Marche. It also supports efforts to protect and revitalize the language. (Last Land) Today, called Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Gaspe of Quebec, and part of the State of Maine. These census posts are part of a larger project to identify the surnames that have appeared among Indigenous, Metis and Mixed-heritage people over the past few hundred years across what is now Canada. For the surname Wilmott, also consider Willmot and Wilmott. to relocate to government-designated reserves. There is some historical evidence that the Mi'kmaq were living in Newfoundland by the 16th century, Alternative names for the Mikmaq appear in some historical sources and include Gaspesians, Souriquois and Tarrantines. For the surname Wilmott, also consider Willmot and Wilmott. The Mikmaq Grand Council (Sante Mawiomi) is the traditional government of the Mikmaq peoples, established before the arrival of Europeans. Click read more to continue. In addition, Mikmaq soldier Corporal Samuel staff.usainteanne.ca. Louis Mius de SAR 5. The Mi'kmaq called themselves L'nu'k, meaning "the people." The moves, undertaken for the sole purpose of streamlining government administration were fraught with mismanagement and Unity is the Mikmaq way.[24], The Mi'kmaq Rights Initiative assert that the Qalipu were created as an entity by the federal government, and they do not consider them as part of the broader Mi'kmaq nation. To provide context, it is believed John Michael may have been Captain Jock Mitchell, the grandfather of Newfoundlands most famous Mikmaq man Mattie Mitchell and father of Bay of Islands ancestor Mary (Mitchell) Brake. He was guided by a Mi'kmaw man named Sylvester Joe. They translated the song into Mikmaq took off around the world, receiving high praise from public figures, including the original songwriter, Sir Paul McCartney, as well as a tweet from the prime minister of Canada, The federal government brought the crisis to somewhat of a close by buying licences and equipment from some non-Indigenous fishermen and entering into agreements with several Mikmaq communities to regulate Together they raided settlements of the English in New England and in the Maritime provinces of the future Canada. Before 2011, the population of registered Mikmaq people in Newfoundland 2 Comments, Index: The Mikmaq in Canadian CensusRecords, Thesecensus posts are part of a larger project to identify the surnames that have appeared among Indigenous, Metis and Mixed-heritage people over the past few hundred years across what is now Canada. In the 1860s, the British hired some Mi'kmaq men to deliver the mail overland through a network of trails reaching the northern communities. E9E 2P2. a commercial fishery. Marshall had been convicted in 1996 of fishing out of season, but the court ruled that the Peace and Friendship Treaties, signed in 1760 and 1761, guaranteed (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada). Ramie Muise 9. The question of the nature of Mi'kmaq occupancy of Newfoundland during the 17th and early 18th centuries is another controversial question. That is, if the band and the federal government can figure out who belongs. In total, there are 16,245 registered Indians in Nova Scotia and of these, 5,877 live off-reserve (Source: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) Indian Registry System as of December 31, 2014). Noywa'mkisk (Where the Sand Blows ). From the Micmac News, September, 1985, page 30, in an article on the North Sydney Holy Cross Cemetary, the following Mi'kmaq names are listed: Bernard, Angus Born-1923 Died-October 19, 1923 Age-6 months Place of Birth-North Sydney. "1617 Jackson described how, the "uninhabited wilderness of the southern interior offered an abundant variety of small game: fox, muskrat and beaver. Julien Mius de Quinan 8. The Union of Nova Scotia Indians tribal council represents the five First Nation communities within Cape Breton (We'koqma'q, Wagmatcook, Membertou, Eskasoni, and Chapel Island First Nations) along with Acadia First Nation on the Mainland. Historically, Mikmaq settlements were characterized by individual or joint households scattered about a bay or along a river. Keep up with the family birthdays and anniversaries in the Events list. Example: For the surname Newill or Nowell, also consider Newil or Nowel.

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